What’s the difference between open and closed? In the lab, performing an experiment to prove or disprove a hypothesis, we are working within the framework of a closed system; the original proposition governs our procedures and observations in arriving at ‘yes’ or ‘no.’ When in performing an experiment we come across something unforeseen, or are […]

“Do not mail leaflets. Talk face-to-face!” These are Saul Alinsky’s rules for mobilizing a community, the great Chicago activist knowing that people do not get involved with a cause just because it has a compelling, formal, leaflet-able logic; it’s messier human connections which rouse human beings. Because of this, Alinsky shied away from the accolade […]