...“repertoire,” to use Charles Tilly’s vocabulary, include setting fire to private cars, on the one hand, and targeting public institutions on the other hand—schools, for instance, and also buses (which...

...indeed impressive: 41.1% in the Grande Borne neighborhood in Grigny, 54.4% in La Revnerie and Bellefontaine in Toulouse, 31.7% in L’Ousse de bois in Pau, 37.1% in the Grand ensemble...

...of urban policy, of violence, of republicanism, of immigration policy, of post-colonialism, of discrimination, of the labor market, of politics, of media, of racism, of the police, of the French...

...discretionary increases in the minimum wage (10% in 1981 for instance, when the Socialists came to power). As a consequence, unemployment increased sharply for the least-protected groups, and the unskilled...

...state. In France, however, the creation of associations, encouraged by the state, aims at designating spokesmen for them, intermediaries between a group formed around common interests and the public authorities....

...brochures, free Qu’rans, and the building of new Islamic centers in Malaga, Madrid, Milan, Mantes-la-Jolie, Edinburgh, Brussels, Lisbon, and Zagreb, as well as the increase in the number of Internet...

...found). But there are no “community leaders,” either traditional or appointed by the community, which means that the “caïds,” often local drug-dealers, have a lot of influence. Nevertheless there is...

...Hurricane Katrina in September 2005). The violence resulted in burnt cars, vandalized police stations, shopping malls, daycare centers, schools, and public sports facilities in the northern suburbs of Paris (district...

...highlighted by the media in Lyon, for example, in 1983 and 1990, and in Strasbourg, where, for the last several years, hundreds of automobiles have been burnt every New Year’s...