...of the police. The second is the role played by institutional or association leaders, including leaders from the Muslim community. The youths acted out of imitation and competition between projects...

...directed at minors. In order to analyse this phenomenon, one must distinguish between three levels, in fact, three scales of temporality. 1. The first one is long term. As analyzed...

...the so-called “territoires perdus de la République” (the Republic’s lost territories) in which republican law had to be enforced again.[4. On this discourse, see Laurent Mucchielli, Violences et insécurité. Fantasmes...

...found). But there are no “community leaders,” either traditional or appointed by the community, which means that the “caïds,” often local drug-dealers, have a lot of influence. Nevertheless there is...

...much since then in its main structural features. A 2002 report2“Ségrégation urbaine et intégration sociale”, by Jean-Paul Fitoussi, Eloi Laurent and Joel Maurice. It is available (in French) at http://www.cae.gouv.fr/rapports/45.htm....

...slur referring to drug lords of North African origin – ed.). Emergency measures were called for by the Prime Minister, including: a five-year plan for fostering social cohesion, appointing commissioners...

...national community. Paradoxically, the very same politicians who preach French uniqueness are increasingly appealing to “communities”: the “immigrant community”, “Algerian community”, “Muslim community”. Successive governments “thank” or “consult” or “give...

...places devoid of what constitutes communal city life. The HLM are dormitory towns. Ethnicity, French-style The problem of economic and social difference is complicated by differences of ethnicity and culture....

...and ethnic discrimination. 2. Solutions There are no easy solutions to any of these problems. Successive governments of all political complexions have been struggling with little success for the past...