...advance.”1 For an unorthodox version of Tocqueville’s analyses, see Aurelian Craiutu and Jeremy Jennings, “The Third Democracy: Tocqueville’s Views of America after 1840,”American Political Science Review, 98 (3), 2004, pp....

...windows of a shop and then rob it. There were also rising feelings of hatred among youth, as demonstrated by a movie from Kassowitz, “La haîne,” and a decline in...

...between rioters and policemen being treated as the symbol of a reaction against state authority. Yet, this view may already represent too much of an extrapolation. For another feature of...

...of the arrested people are under 18. The adult population keeps away from the demonstrations and shows an ambivalent attitude: in fact they are the first victims of the violence...

...of all ages, only 9,000 have a job. About 2,000 work in the public sector—high by American standards, but close to the French average; 4,900 work in private services, 1,200...

...the same for all immigrant youth. Not all are idle, tempted by the parallel (illegal – ed.) economy, radical Islam and urban delinquency. Though unknown to most, even as discrimination...

...North African immigrants. Forming a community hence becomes an option to define a collective identity perceived as a basis for action and public self-assertion. And for the state the creation...

...Abduh, Al-Afghani, and Rashid Rida. While they promoted a return to the Revealed Text and the Hadith, (the words and deeds of the Prophet Mohammed), they were not by any...

...quarter of a century to curb unemployment, which after peaking at over 13 percent is still running at around 10 percent, more than twice the U.S. or U.K. rate. During...