...du ‘problème des quartiers sensibles,’” online at http://www.lmsi.org. of the riots died. In discussions with my students, they said they were frustrated by the so-called “sociological” explanations they heard in...

...in the topmost position. The expanded use of the term kafir (infidel, heretic), for example, is very common among Wahhabis. In classical Islamic tradition, this term is used only for...

...reassembled in France. The long-term ethnic grouping of these families in banlieues is no longer an individual choice. It is linked to poverty and reflects the failure of their project...

...firmly that Islamic organizations played no role in provoking the riots. On the contrary, it has been widely reported that where Muslim organizations have taken a stance, they have done...

...along with two discretionary increases in 1995 and 1997, explains why the ratio turned up, and a policy that was demonstrably showing sizable positive effects was jeopardized. Given the striking...

...hard data about why these riots broke out at this moment and in a particular place, whether they were organized or spontaneous, why they took the form they took, what...

...or student analyses. It seems as though the first difficulty was to decide into which kind of frame those “events” could—or should—find their place: do they belong to the history...

...should add the negative side effects of the welfare state (why look for a job if one can make enough money) and the lack of geographical mobility. They complain about...

...directed at minors. In order to analyse this phenomenon, one must distinguish between three levels, in fact, three scales of temporality. 1. The first one is long term. As analyzed...