...logic behind this way of thinking.12Abdellali Hajjat, “Les quartiers populaires ne sont pas un ‘désert politique,’” online at http://www.oumma.com, November 30, 2005. According to this logic, the workers’ movement was...

...so tense that the government decided, after ten days, to apply a law which had been enacted in 1955, during the Algerian war, in order to implement a curfew, mainly...

...order, the rioters opposed the law and order of force. The two sides fought for the definition of the space where they actually opposed each other: is it part of...

...mes excuses), which uses OECD standardized data to compare France and the US. In the 25-54 age group, the employment rates of men in both countries have stayed very close;...

...of the local social order. Sometimes they make looting forays in off-limits commercial malls or even in the centers of big cities (calls for raiding the Champs-Elysées were often to...

...national community. Paradoxically, the very same politicians who preach French uniqueness are increasingly appealing to “communities”: the “immigrant community”, “Algerian community”, “Muslim community”. Successive governments “thank” or “consult” or “give...

...93), with a few forays into Paris (especially the third arrondissement), along with Toulouse and the suburbs of Lyon. The damages contributed to some seventy-thousand incidents of urban violence committed...

...democracy exist highly competitive institutions, entry into which assures one professional and economic success. The chances of social mobility have become heavily restricted even for those French citizens who fall...

...places devoid of what constitutes communal city life. The HLM are dormitory towns. Ethnicity, French-style The problem of economic and social difference is complicated by differences of ethnicity and culture....

...set up a powerful independent agency comparable to Britain’s CRE. Instead, Aubry created the Groupe d’Etudes et de Lutte contre les Discriminations (GELD) and Chevènement set up Commissions Départmentales d’Accès...